Recent DNA studies done by the National Geographic Magazine on the remains of ancient Phoenicians and modern people from the Middle East in Syria, Lebanon, and other places in the eastern Mediterranean have shown that the modern people carry the same ancient Phoenician genetic material. Furthermore, the Phoenician bloodline has been proven to come from an ancient Mediterranean substratum. Therefore it has been scientifically proven that stories of them coming from various places in the western Mediterranean or Europe are completely fictitious.
Phoenicia is often stated to have been an early example of a "world economy". Its height was around 1200-800 BCE, though it existed from 2750 BCE- 1516 CE in the form of the Carthaginian Empire, along with Phoenicia Prima, Phoenicia Maritima, and Phoenicia Libanesis. The civilization began with the founding of Tyre in 2750 BCE. They then introduced the alphabet to the Greeks circa 1700 BCE, and were recorded to have been battling against the Egyptians around 1590 BCE, settled Cyprus in 1500 BCE, and made commercial treaties with the Egyptians in 1300 BCE. In 1252 BCE there was the War of Sidon against the Philistines, and the possible devastation of Sidon. Tyre becomes the chief Phoenician city at the time when the Trojan wars begin in 1200 BCE.
Phoenician cities paid tribute to Assyria in 876, but were defeated by the in 854. And possibly the most important originally Phoenician city in history, Carthage, was founded in North Africa in 813 BCE. It was originally founded as a Phoenician colony, so what became the Carthaginian empire was in essence the Phoenician spread of power as well. In 725 BCE Tyre won against the Assyrians in the first naval battle of history, and withstood a five year siege. Spain became an independant Phoenician kingdom in 695. Nebuchadnezzar begins his great thirteen year siege of Tyre and the city finally submit in 587 BCE.
In 397 the North African revolt against Carthage was suppressed, and Carthage finally conquered Sicily in 276 BCE. Carthage began its first war against Rome and began the Punic wars in 264. In 256, The Carthaginian fleet was defeated at Ecnomus, and the Romans invaded Africa, but were defeated and their army perished. From 220 to 216 Hannibal had many victories on the field, and the Romans no longer dared meet him in battle, but when he attempted to besiege Rome itself, he abandoned it as hopeless in 211 BCE. After this Carthage suffered many defeats until it submitted to Rome in 201. After this Carthage suffered and finally fell in 146 BCE, which was the end of the Punic Wars.
In 39 BCE,A Roman colony rebuilds Carthage under Augustus Caesar; and it becomes a great city, and in approximately 27 CE, Jesus Christ visited Sidon. In 311 CE, a municipal decree was issued forbidding Christians to stay in the city of Tyre, following the deaths of several Christian martyrs in Carthage and other Phoenician cities. In 425 CE, Phoenicia Prima was separated into two provinces, Phoenicia Maritima and Phoenicia Libanensis. In 613, the Jews of Tyre formed a vast conspiracy against the Byzantines Empire, and in 638 CE,Tyre fell into the hands of the Arabs. After this in 697, Carthage was defeated by the Arabs, and in 1291 CE, Tyre fell, and was never completely restored.
Finally, the death of Phoenicia was in 1516 when it was captured by the Turks and decayed completely.
Phoenicia is often stated to have been an early example of a "world economy". Its height was around 1200-800 BCE, though it existed from 2750 BCE- 1516 CE in the form of the Carthaginian Empire, along with Phoenicia Prima, Phoenicia Maritima, and Phoenicia Libanesis. The civilization began with the founding of Tyre in 2750 BCE. They then introduced the alphabet to the Greeks circa 1700 BCE, and were recorded to have been battling against the Egyptians around 1590 BCE, settled Cyprus in 1500 BCE, and made commercial treaties with the Egyptians in 1300 BCE. In 1252 BCE there was the War of Sidon against the Philistines, and the possible devastation of Sidon. Tyre becomes the chief Phoenician city at the time when the Trojan wars begin in 1200 BCE.
Phoenician cities paid tribute to Assyria in 876, but were defeated by the in 854. And possibly the most important originally Phoenician city in history, Carthage, was founded in North Africa in 813 BCE. It was originally founded as a Phoenician colony, so what became the Carthaginian empire was in essence the Phoenician spread of power as well. In 725 BCE Tyre won against the Assyrians in the first naval battle of history, and withstood a five year siege. Spain became an independant Phoenician kingdom in 695. Nebuchadnezzar begins his great thirteen year siege of Tyre and the city finally submit in 587 BCE.
In 397 the North African revolt against Carthage was suppressed, and Carthage finally conquered Sicily in 276 BCE. Carthage began its first war against Rome and began the Punic wars in 264. In 256, The Carthaginian fleet was defeated at Ecnomus, and the Romans invaded Africa, but were defeated and their army perished. From 220 to 216 Hannibal had many victories on the field, and the Romans no longer dared meet him in battle, but when he attempted to besiege Rome itself, he abandoned it as hopeless in 211 BCE. After this Carthage suffered many defeats until it submitted to Rome in 201. After this Carthage suffered and finally fell in 146 BCE, which was the end of the Punic Wars.
In 39 BCE,A Roman colony rebuilds Carthage under Augustus Caesar; and it becomes a great city, and in approximately 27 CE, Jesus Christ visited Sidon. In 311 CE, a municipal decree was issued forbidding Christians to stay in the city of Tyre, following the deaths of several Christian martyrs in Carthage and other Phoenician cities. In 425 CE, Phoenicia Prima was separated into two provinces, Phoenicia Maritima and Phoenicia Libanensis. In 613, the Jews of Tyre formed a vast conspiracy against the Byzantines Empire, and in 638 CE,Tyre fell into the hands of the Arabs. After this in 697, Carthage was defeated by the Arabs, and in 1291 CE, Tyre fell, and was never completely restored.
Finally, the death of Phoenicia was in 1516 when it was captured by the Turks and decayed completely.